Swiftscience new aqa gcse chemistry the earths resources. Learn about the properties of polymers and how they can be used with bbc bitesize gcse chemistry. Polyester and nylon are some of the most common examples of this type. Nylon 6 can be, theoretically, produced by either condensation, stepgrowth polymerization or by addition, chaingrowth polymerization. In these types of polymerization reactions, a low molecular weight species, frequently water or an alcohol, is eliminated for each mainchain linkage. The process occurring is one of desorption accompanied by a chemical reaction. This is a condensation polymer made of two parent monomers, a diamine and a diacid chloride. The names of each polymer are linked to the names of the monomers.
Chemistry for edexcel international gcse hodder education. These plastics are made from polymerization of ethene into polythene. Difference between addition and condensation polymerization. If youre seeing this message, it means were having trouble loading external resources on our website. Addition polymerisation condensation polymerisation in addition polymerisation, alkenes add to themselves. Condensation polymers polymers gcse chemistry single. Chemistry notes form 3 chemistry form three pdf online. The process of monomers small molecules joining up to form a polymer long molecule is called polymerisation. Condensation polymerization, on the other hand, is endothermicthat is, the reaction requires an input of heat from an external source. This broad definition includes many polymers made by ringopening or addition reactions, for example, lactone and lactam polymers. This is a really good video to show you the difference and to explain it. When these types of monomers react they join together, usually losing a small molecule such as water, and so the reactions are called condensation reactions. I want to help you achieve the grades you and i know you are capable of.
Condensation polymerization and polymerization mechanisms. Its written by teachers especially to help year 10 and year 11 students revise. Condensation polymers are formed by polycondensation, when the polymer is formed by condensation reactions between species of all degrees of polymerization, or by condensative chain polymerization, when the. Polymerisation happens when monomers react to form long chain polymer molecules. Lowdensity polyethylene, highdensity polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, nylon, nylon 6, nylon 6,6, teflon, thermoplastic. The following examples of condensation polymers are illustrative. That is, an acyl chloride or acid anhydride reacting with an alcohol for ester or an amine for amide. Alevel chemistryaqamodule 4polymers wikibooks, open. Condensation polymerisation involves a reaction between monomers with two different functional groups. Objectives polymers national council of educational. Condensation polymerisation includes the functional groups. The term condensation polymers was introduced by w.
Condensation polymers are any kind of polymers formed through a condensation reactionwhere molecules join togetherlosing small molecules as byproducts such as water or methanol. Hi, in this resource you have all in one complete revision kit of hydrocarbons of aqa gcse chemistry kerboodle textbook. Pearson edexcel level 1level 2 gcse 9 1 in chemistry 1ch0. Gcse science chemistry 91 triple condensation polymers. Amino acids react by condensation polymerisation to produce.
The best way to remember the information in this chapter is to get a pen and paper and write down your answers before clicking on the answer link which will take you to the correct page you may have to read through some of the page before you find the answer. Let us do a comparative analysis of the two types of polymerization to understand them better. In this resource you can find kerboodle textbook notes in easy to understand format. Chances are if you want a mathsscience book ive written it or i am writing it. Synthetic polymers are humanmade polymers derived from petroleum oil. Many of the engineering thermoplastics belong to a polymer family derived from step growth polymerization, and more specifically, from condensation polymerization.
Chemistry and technology of emulsion polymerisation, 2nd edition, provides a practical and intuitive explanation of emulsion polymerization, in combination with both conventional and controlled radical polymerization. As this addition proceeds further a long molecular chain is formed. In these cases the reactor must supply heat in order to maintain a practical reaction rate. Gcse polymerisation revise reaction of monomer molecules. Designed by expert teachers for the edexcel gcse 91 chemistry syllabus. If the answer you have written is not right, change it to the. Produced by solar spark, this activity allows students to see a condensation polymerisation reaction in action as the polyamide polymer, nylon, is produced. Condensation polymerization is now referred to as stepgrowth or stepreaction polymerization.
Aqa 91 triple chemistry condensation polymerisation. Doc browns gcse igcseo level ks4 sciencechemistry revision notes. There are two types of polymerisation processes, one is addition polymerisation and the other is condensation polymerisation. Polymers and the environment, emulsion polymerization, polymer science approach to physicochemical characterization and processing of pulse seeds, polymer characterization with the atomic force microscope, nonconventional method of polymer patterning, the properties and application of carbon nanostructures, electrokinetic potential. Polyesters contain the ester group, coo, and just like their smaller relatives are formed the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. Addition and condensation polymerisation polymers are macromolecules that consist of building blocks called monomers. Condensation polymerization involves the splitting out of a small molecule, usually water. Condensation polymers are formed by polycondensation, when the polymer is formed by condensation reactions between species of all degrees of polymerization, or by condensative chain polymerization, when the polymer is formed by sequential addition by condensation reaction of monomers to an active site in a chain reaction. Condensation polymerization in condensation polymerization, a small portion of the monomer molecule is not incorporated in the final polymer. Gcse chemistry specification specification for first. The kinetics of condensation polymerization secor 1969. E and campus and college exam papers and kcse revision materials. Condensation polymerization materials world modules. Sep 18, 2019 the following examples of condensation polymers are illustrative.
To familiarise you with it, weve created this interactive quiz. Before learning about condensation polymerization let us quickly recall what polymerization is. Simple whiteboard based talkthrough of the polymerisation of ethene. Support for pearsons edexcel international gcse chemistry books. Gcse science chemistry 91 triple condensation polymers find my revision workbooks here. Small molecules react with each other to form larger structural units while releasing smaller molecules as a byproduct, such as water or methanol. Gcse science chemistry 91 triple condensation polymers find my. What must the two monomers have in common for the condensation polymerisation reaction to occur. Alevel chemistry revision science section on polymers.
Both these molecules must have two reactive ends though, so that chain growth is possible. In addition polymerization monomers only join at the active site of the chain. You know that monomers that are joined by condensation polymerization have two functional groups. Chemistry history carothers, condensation polymerisation. Edexcel international gcse chemistry student book second edition. The alkene is the repeating unit in the chain the monomer. In this equation, p is the polymer while x represents degree of polymerization, means active center of chaingrowth polymerization, m is the monomer which will react with active center, l is a lowmolarmass byproduct obtained during chain propagation.
For each statement, use either the suggested website or your own text book to write a 5point. Oct 04, 2017 i want to help you achieve the grades you and i know you are capable of. Based on the chemical reaction involved, polymerisation is divided into two groups known as addition. Polymerization of alkenes with acid video khan academy. Read pdf addition and condensation polymerization processesexamples addition polymerisationthe polymerisation reaction in which,the polymer formed by the direct addition of repeated monomer. Condensation polymerization definition of condensation. Polymerisation is the reaction of monomer molecules to form long chain polymer molecules.
Chemistry and technology of emulsion polymerisation, 2nd. In this article, we are going to discuss condensation type of polymerization. The final stages of condensation polymerization are characterized by a rapid rise in molecular weight, as the condensation product is formed and diffuses out of the polymer. This type of polymer is much tougher than most addition. Generally, polymerization is defined as a process in which two or more monomers engage in a chemical reaction and form long polymer chains or threedimensional networks. Chemistry revision notes on the topic addition polymerisation. Its a process studied in gcse chemistry, so you need to understand it. These long chain molecules can be made up from tens of thousands of monomers joined together. Condensation polymerisation is also introduced and compared with. It may not be about nylon, but the concept is essentially the same and it also loses a water molecule in the process, which is the same as when nylon is produced. Polythenes are used for making bags, electrical insulation, etc. Even if you dont want to study science or maths further, the grades. You also know from part 6 that a carboxylic acid and an amine can form an amide linkage, jand a carboxylic acid and an alcohol can form an ester linkage.
Where multiple answers exist only one need be reported. Swiftscience new aqa gcse chemistry the earths atmosphere. For polyesters, the usual esterification mechanism is used between acid and alcohol groups but with each monomer molecule having a. This mechanism is so called because a small molecule such as water or hydrochloric acid is released with each addition to the chain. A lesson on addition polymerisation and condensation polymerisation with links made to the aqa chemistry specification throughout.
Youll see that our gcse chemistry, along with biology and physics, is a clear straightforward. If youre behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains. Addition polymerisation involves addition reactions in which a large number of small molecules monomers join together to form very large molecules polymers. Condensation polymers were defined as polymeric molecules that may be converted by hydrolysis, or its equivalent, into monomers that differ from the structural units by one molecule of h 2 o, hc1, nh 3, etc. A condensation polymer can be made from the following monomers.
If ethene is allowed to add to itself by the breaking open of the double bond, the polymer polyethene is formed. Pvc polyvinyl chloride which is found in plastic wrap, simulated leather, water pipes, and garden hoses, is formed from vinyl chloride h 2 cchcl. Polymerisation condensation polymerisation 1 polyesters. Chemsitry polymerisation flashcards in gcse chemistry. Notice how every other carbon must have a chlorine attached. But in condensation polymerization, any molecule can react with any other. For each bond that is formed a small molecule is lost mainly water this is where the name condensation polymerisation comes from. In addition polymerisation the monomers have at least one double bond between carbon atoms. For those working in industry, 160coupling theory with everyday practice can be difficult. A2 unit 4 advanced organic chemistry polymerisation page. Condensation polymers are any kind of polymers formed through a condensation reactionwhere molecules join togetherlosing small molecules as. Fundamentals of polymer chemistry pdf 48p download book.
Polymers and the environment, emulsion polymerization, polymer science approach to physicochemical characterization and processing of pulse seeds, polymer characterization with the atomic force microscope, nonconventional method of polymer patterning, the properties and application of carbon nanostructures, electrokinetic potential and. Its like the h20 opens up new bonding possibilities between the monomers and so the result is a polymer with the two monomers having now formed new bonds in the gap where the water used to be. Condensation polymerization article about condensation. In this chemistry revision video hazel talks you through the process of condensation polymerisation and the creation of nylon from its monomers. Download and read form 3 chemistry notes form 3 chemistry notes form three chemistry notes pdf. A wellknown example of a condensation reaction is the esterification of carboxylic. Condensation polymerisation is when two molecules monomers join together by losing a h20 molecule at the site of bonding.
When these types of monomers react they join together, usually losing a small molecule such as water, and so the reactions are called condensation. May 18, 2016 in this chemistry revision video hazel talks you through the process of condensation polymerisation and the creation of nylon from its monomers. Which process produces a branched, addition, copolymer. Home gcse study tools chemistry addition polymerisation. This guide explains about the eight most common types of synthetic organic polymers, which are commonly found in households are. Condensation polymerization get full description along. Carothers in his early work on the preparation of polyesters and polyamides to distinguish this class of polymers from vinyl polymers made by addition reactions. This section builds directly from gcse science, starting with basic. Basically you need to know the reactions that can make an ester or an amide. Home gcse study tools chemistry chemsitry polymerisation.
In condensation polymerisation the addition of two monomers releases a small molecule, usually water. One of the topics covered in gcse chemistry is polymerisation. Addition polymers simply add dozens of the same monomer together to make a long molecule with a very simple repeat unit. Oil, useful products, environmental problems, introduction to. Note that for commercial synthesis the carboxylic acid components may actually be employed in the form of derivatives such as simple esters. First, the copolymer can be synthesized using mild conditions via cationic polymerization instead of high temperature melt condensation polymerization. You also know from part 6 that a carboxylic acid and an amine can form an amide linkage, jand a carboxylic acid and an. Polymerization is of two types, condensation polymerization and addition polymerization. Addition polymerisation edexcel gcse chemistry revision. A condensation polymerization is a form of stepgrowth polymerization. Download fundamentals of polymer chemistry pdf 48p download free online book chm pdf. Which of the processes describes the formation of a silicone. Polyamides these polymers possessing amide linkages are important examples of synthetic fibres and are termed as nylons. Read pdf addition and condensation polymerization processescondensation polymerisation in this.
Polymers polymers are the giant molecules of chemistry. A monomer is a small reactive molecule that can be joined with other monomers to form long chains. Nov 20, 2016 condensation polymerisation for aqa triple 91 new chemistry specification. Also, the polymerization reactions for nylon 6 and spandex do not proceed by elimination of water or other small molecules. Exam 2014, questions and answers spring, prof wooley studocu.